Author: Nathaniel Miles

Have you ever wondered if you have brain fog? This article will help you to determine if you do and what you can do about it. Then you will no longer have to ask, do I have brain fog?

Brain fog is one of those conditions where our brains are simply not working as well as they usually do for some reason. It can produce difficult days at work because we are unable to perform our jobs accurately, and it can additionally affect our social lives as well because we find it challenging to relax and have an enjoyable time.

What is Brain Fog?

First, it is important to understand what brain fog is. The term Brain fog is not a medical or scientific one; it is used by persons to describe how they feel when their thinking is not clear but not sharp, sluggish, and fuzzy (aka fuzzy brain).

Everybody experiences this concern on occasion. Perhaps an individual may not think clearly when he or she was sick with an illness such as the flu or an illness of another kind. Perhaps they were jet-lagged and their thinking was sluggish because it felt it was 3 AM according to their home time zone. Alternatively, perhaps they took medication such as an antihistamine that made their thinking fuzzy for a while. In each case they probably desired to get back to normal, whether that meant recovering from the illness, adjusting to the new time zone, or simply waiting for the side effects of the medication to wear off.

What is Brain Fog Caused by?

There are several possible causes of brain fog and, most of them are reasonably easy to adopt. Typically, it only takes effort to make some adjustments to the daily schedule and an individual will be feeling much better again in no time. At times, however, it can be far more challenging to overcome, and might even be a sign of something serious.

Let’s look at some of those possible causes

Insufficient sleep – Possibly the most widespread reason for brain fog is a need for sleep. Most individuals require around 8 hours every night, although that figure will differ from person to person. If an individual often does not sleep well enough at night then he or she could be affecting their physical as well as their mental health.

One of the universal reasons for not getting enough sleep boils down to lifestyle preferences. Many individuals over-work themselves to their souls, while others might choose to stay up late gaming or watching TV. Other individuals may have trouble sleeping because of specific medical conditions. Regardless, it is best to get enough sleep if possible and it will make one feel much better as a result. For more detailed information on the impact of sleep, please read the article, The importance of sleep for health, on this website.

Improper diet – What we eat has a major impact on our total health. Not only is it crucial to eat the right type of food, but it is additionally important to eat enough, but also not to overdo it. Some individuals will also need to steer clear of certain foods for fear that it causes them unwelcome problems, including brain fog.

Among the most vital things to take into concern is to have a diet that is stuffed full of vitamins and minerals. Vitamin B12, specifically, is crucial for a healthy brain that allows us to think and concentrate clearly. A healthy diet is also crucial for many other components of our health.

Excess Stress – Stress is a natural process, and pretty much everybody will have experienced it at some point in his or her life. It is the body’s way of assisting to make sure that the body is alert and ready for certain situations, serving to ensure that the body is able to deal with the issue.

While it is vastly beneficial, too much of a good thing is a bad thing and stress is certainly not a good thing if there is an excessive amount of it. If an individual is going through episodes of extended stress then it can lead to brain fog, and longer-term mental health problems, high blood pressure, and other potentially serious mental conditions. If an individual is difficulties then they should think about speaking with a health professional to help conquer the root cause of it.

Hormonal imbalances – Hormones have an influential impact on the general performance of our bodies. For example, they assist to control our mood and the way a person thinks, in addition to ensuring that the bodily processes are operating evenly. If, for any reason, an individual’s hormonal levels were to be altered then it can result in some undesirable symptoms including brain fog.

Health issues such as menopause, menstruation, and pregnancy can have an impact on a female’s hormonal levels. This can lead to brain fog as a result, alongside some other unwelcome symptoms.

Medications – When we are under the weather, individuals will occasionally require some form of medication to aid recovery as quickly as possible. Medication can aid in remedying the underlying condition directly, while some medication will only assist to relieve the individual of the symptoms.

In addition to having many helpful properties, some medications will have some rather undesirable side effects. The majority of side effects from medications are fortunately not very serious, and one (1) example of this is brain fog. Other general side effects of medications can include dizziness, drowsiness, and, headaches. Some side effects can be significantly more serious, however. Therefore, we must take all necessary precautions when using drugs.

Cancer treatments-Chemo Therapy – Chemotherapy is a medical procedure that attacks cancer cells directly, to aid in the slowing of the progress of cancers. These are very potent drugs that are used in this procedure and while they can be quite effective at slowing down cancer, the treatment can also have some extremely unwelcomed side effects.

One of these undesirable side effects is brain fog, otherwise known as “chemo brain.” Individuals can have difficulty processing even the simplest of things and are subject to forgetting names, and the day of the week. Some individuals may experience chemo brain for quite a prolonged time after treatment, but the majority will find that the symptoms disappear reasonably quickly.

Chronic (recurring) Infections – Infections are comparatively general and the majority is not going to do us any severe harm. The greater of these will be cleared up within several days or so, however, others are going to linger around for much longer or perhaps even for life. The infections that do last for longer than usual will probably cause a number of symptoms including brain fog.

One common example is the infection, candida. Candida is a fungus that is residing in our stomach and, essentially, it is harmless. However, under some circumstances, this fungus has the ability to grow out of control, and this can affect the balance of bacteria in the digestive system.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – It is actually completely normal for us to get tired, However, it is not normal for us to feel tired all of the time. We should be able to wake up in the morning feeling reasonably fresh and alert, although that is not always the case. If an individual is always feeling tired no matter what, then that individual may have chronic fatigue syndrome.

In addition to feeling tired all of the time, chronic fatigue syndrome can furthermore cause, you guessed it, brain fog, with the individual often feeling as though they are confused and unable to focus. There is no cure for this condition as of yet, however, medication and therapy may as a minimum help to improve the quality of the individual’s life.

 Multiple Sclerosis – Multiple sclerosis is a condition that can have an intense effect on an individual and those around them. It attacks the central nervous system, including the brain, and has an impact on the individual’s ability to move the muscles of their body.

It additionally has an injurious effect on the individual’s cognitive abilities. Individuals with multiple sclerosis can encounter difficulties with focus and memory—brain freeze. They will additionally often have problems with communicating and comprehending as the condition advances. Multiple sclerosis cannot be cured, but treatment and therapy can assist in slowing the beginning of the condition and improve the individual’s quality of life.

Depression – We have learned quite a bit concerning mental health, and it has been discovered that an astounding number of individuals suffer from some form of a mental health problem. Among the most widespread of all these problems is depression, which can be a very serious condition for sure. It can cause many symptoms, including brain fog.

Depression is frequently referred to as the silent killer. The reason being is because individuals with the condition will regularly suffer in silence, thus putting a brave face on things, and other individuals will often not be aware that they have a problem. The patient is often far from satisfactory, though, and depression is amid the leading causes of death along with otherwise healthy individuals.

Pregnancy – Many females discover that it is harder to retain information, which is a symptom of brain fog, during pregnancy. Additionally, during pregnancy, a fetus can change the body in many ways, and the chemicals released to protect and nourish the fetus may bring on memory problems.

Menopause – Females may find it difficult to learn or remember things when they arrive at this stage of life. It occurs about a year after their last menstrual cycle, which is usually around age 50. Along with brain fog, they also may have hot flashes, sudden sweating with an elevated heart rate and body temperature, and other body changes. Hormone supplements and other types of medication may help mitigate or eliminate these effects.

Lupus – This long-term disease initiates the immune system to attack the body, and the symptoms can be different on a case-by-case basis. About fifty percent of the individuals with lupus have problems with memory, confusion, or trouble concentrating. Unfortunately, there is no cure, but medication and treatment with a therapist can assist.

How to Treat Brain Fog

Brain fog treatment depends a great deal on what has caused it in the first place.

For example, if an individual is anemic, iron supplements may his or her production of red blood cells and thus reducing the brain fog. If an individual is diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, the physician could recommend a corticosteroid or other medication to decrease inflammation or restrain the immune system.

At times, relieving brain fog is simply a matter of correcting a nutritional insufficiency, changing medications, or improving the value of sleep.

Home remedies to improve brain fog include:

• Exercising
• Finding activities that one enjoys doing such as a hobby
• Increasing the intake of protein, vegetables, fruits, and healthy fats
• Managing stress by knowing individual limitations
• Avoid excessive amounts of alcohol and Caffeine.
• Getting proper rest – sleeping 8 to 9 hours per night
• Strengthening brain power (e.g. solving brain puzzles)
• Supplementation – A good multivitamin in addition to a proper diet can ensure the intake of the necessary vitamins, minerals, and nutrients needed for a strong mind and body.

For a vast selection of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients visit this link.

These remedies can also be engaged to prevent brain fog from occurring initially.

Any questions, comments, or concerns, can be left below.

Good Health!!

Caffeine – We have all heard about it. But, how much do we really know? For example, did you know that caffeine is a drug? Not only a drug but a psychoactive drug! The purpose of this article is to inform all about caffeine.

What is Caffeine?

As already mentioned, caffeine is a drug. More specifically, a central nervous system stimulant that is most commonly found in tea, coffee, and cacao plants. It works by stimulating the brain and central nervous system, aiding an individual to stay alert and prevent the advent of tiredness and fatigue. It is in the class of drugs known as methylxanthines. These drugs are generally used in the treatment of non-obstructive lung pathology.

Unlike numerous other psychoactive matter, it is permitted and unregulated in practically all parts of the world. Presently, of the world population, 80% consumes a caffeinated product each day, and this number increases to 90% for adults in North America.

Where does Caffeine come from?

Caffeine is a substance that is bitter and occurs naturally in more than 60 plants including

• Coffee beans used for coffee
• Cacao pods used to make chocolate products
• Kola nuts used to give flavor to soft drink colas
• Tea leaves

Caffeine is naturally found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of these particular plants. These natural resources are next harvested and developed to yield caffeinated foods and beverages.

Additionally, there is also artificial (man-made) caffeine that is added to a variety of medicines, foods, and drinks. For instance, some over-the-counter pain aids or relievers, cold medicines, and other over-the-counter medicines for alertness contain synthetic caffeine. Additionally, one can discover caffeine in some prescription pain medications as well as a common ingredient in weight loss supplements, energy drinks, and “energy-boosting” gums and snacks.

Common Caffeine Bearing Products

Most individuals take in caffeine from drinks. The amounts of caffeine in different drinks can vary to a large degree, but it is usually as follows:

• Chocolate milk: 2–7 mg
• Coffee 8-ounce cup: 95-200 mg
• Cola 12-ounce can: 35-45 mg
• Decaffeinated coffee: 3–12 mg
• Energy drink 8-ounces: 70-100 mg
• Espresso: 240–720 mg
• Soft drinks: 20–40 mg
• Tea 8-ounce cup: 14-60 mg
• Yerba mate: 65–130 mg

How does Caffeine Work?

After consumption, caffeine is rapidly taken up from the gut into the bloodstream. After that, it travels to the liver where it is broken down into composites that can affect the function of various organs.

Caffeine’s main effect is on the brain. It functions by blocking the effects of adenosine, which is a neurotransmitter that relaxes the brain and makes an individual feel tired and fatigued. Normally, these adenosine levels build up over the course of a day, causing the body to be increasingly more tired and cause an individual to want sleep.

Caffeine on the other hand helps an individual to remain awake by linking to adenosine receptors in the brain without triggering them. This hinders the effects of adenosine, resulting in reduced fatigue.

It may additionally raise blood adrenaline levels and boost brain activity of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine associated with happiness and behavior.

This combination additionally stimulates the brain and advances the states of arousal, alertness, and focus. Because it affects the brain, caffeine is generally referred to as a psychoactive drug.

How Does Caffeine Affect the Body?

Caffeine has numerous effects both good and bad on the body’s metabolism. They are listed below.

• Stimulates the central nervous system, which can make an individual feel more awake and supply a boost of energy as well as boost mood and brain function.
• It is a diuretic; in that, it helps the body dispose of extra salt and water by causing more urination.
• Increases the release of acid in the stomach, occasionally leading to an upset stomach or heartburn
• It can disturb the absorption of calcium in the body
• Increases the blood pressure

  

A study reported that after contributors ingested 37.5–450 mg of caffeine, they had better alertness, short-term recall, and reaction time.

Another study connected drinking 2–3 cups of caffeinated coffee (providing about 200–300 mg caffeine) per day to a 45% lower risk of suicide.

Another study conveyed a 13% lower risk of depression in caffeine consumers.

More caffeine is not necessarily better regarding mood. A study found that the second cup of coffee produced no further benefits unless it was consumed ingested a minimum of 8 hours after the first cup.

Ingesting between 3–5 cups of coffee per day or more than 3 cups of tea per day may additionally reduce the risk of brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s by 28–60%.

Since it has the ability to invigorate the central nervous system, caffeine may step up metabolism by up to 11% and fat burning by up to 13%.

According to a study,
consuming 300 mg of caffeine per day may permit an individual to burn an additional 79 calories per day.

Caffeine may improve exercise performance by increasing the use of fat as fuel. The benefit of this is that it helps the glucose stored in muscles to last longer; possibly delaying the time it takes muscles to reach exhaustion. It may also enhance muscle contractions and increase easiness to fatigue.

In summary, consuming minuscule amounts of caffeine approximately an hour before exercise is likely to improve exercise performance.

Caffeine can also protect against heart disease and diabetes. According to a study, despite what has been said, caffeine does not raise the risk of heart disease (study, study).

Further, the evidence
indicates that a 16–18% lower risk of heart disease in men and women who ingest between 1–4 cups of coffee daily (providing approximately 100–400 mg of caffeine).

Additional studies indicate that drinking 2–4 cups of coffee or green tea per day is linked to a 14–20% lower risk of stroke (study, study).

To add one more thought, coffee and tea contain other bioactive compounds (in addition to caffeine) that may also be advantageous.

One thing to note is that caffeine may raise blood pressure slightly in some individuals. Nevertheless, this effect is generally minuscule (3–4 mmHg) and is likely to disappear gradually for most individuals when they consume coffee regularly (study).

Caffeine may also protect against diabetes. A review
noted that those who drink the most coffee have up to a 29% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In the same way, those who ingested the most caffeine had up to a 30% lower risk.

The result of the observation is that the risk drops by 12–14% for every 200 mg of caffeine consumed.

Intriguingly, ingesting decaffeinated coffee was additionally linked to a 21% lower risk of diabetes. This indicates that other beneficial compounds in decaffeinated coffee can also protect against type 2 diabetes.

Coffee ingestion is linked to a number of other health benefits that include:

• Liver protection – Coffee can reduce the probability of liver damage (cirrhosis) by as much as 84%. It can slow the progression of the disease, enhance treatment response, and reduce the risk of premature death.
• Longevity – Ingesting coffee may decrease the probability of premature death by as much as 30%, especially for females and individuals with diabetes.
• Decreased cancer risk – Ingesting 2–4 cups of coffee daily can reduce liver cancer risk by up to 64% and colorectal cancer risk by up to 38%.
• Skin protection – drinking 4 or more cups of caffeinated coffee daily can lower the risk of skin cancer by 20%.
• Reduced MS risk – Coffee consumers can have up to a 30% lower risk of contracting multiple sclerosis (MS). But, not all studies agree (study).
• Gout prevention – Regularly ingesting 4 cups of coffee daily may reduce the risk of developing gout by 40% in men and 57% in women.
• Gut health – Drinking 3 cups of coffee a day for as little as three weeks may increase the amount and activity of good gut bacteria.

Again, note that coffee additionally contains other substances that improve health. Some of the benefits detailed above can be caused by substances other than caffeine.

Safety and side effects

The consumption of caffeine is generally regarded as safe. However, it is habit-forming and if ingested in excess can cause side effects.

Some side effects linked to excess intake include trouble sleeping, restlessness, anxiety, tremors, and irregular heartbeat.

Excess caffeine can also additionally cause high blood pressure, headaches, and migraines in some individuals.

Also, caffeine can easily cross the placenta which can increase the possibility of miscarriage or low birth weight. Therefore, women who are pregnant should restrict their intake.

Caffeine can also interact with some medications.

People consuming the muscle relaxant Zanaflex or the antidepressant Luvox should steer clear of caffeine because it can increase their effects.

Recommended dosages

Both the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) believe a daily intake of 400 mg of caffeine to be safe. This equals 2–4 cups of coffee per day. However, it is worth noting that fatal overdoses have been reported with single doses of 500 mg of caffeine. Therefore, it is recommended to limit the amount of caffeine consumed at one time to 200 mg per dose.

In accordance with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, pregnant women should limit their daily intake to 200 mg (report).

In Summary

Caffeine is not as unhealthy as it was once understood. Actually, the facts show that it may be just the opposite. Therefore, it is safe to consider a daily cup of coffee or tea as an enjoyable way to support good health.

All things in moderation is the safest road to travel!

Questions, comments, and concerns are welcomed below.

Good Health!!

The Problem

We all know the importance of good eye health. But what do we specifically do to maintain our eye health? Does it include supplementation? There is a supplement on the market to aid in most of the numerous functions of our bodies and these include the eyes. This post is a descriptive article of a product specifically for the eyes named Optizo. It also includes my experience with this product.

A survey has indicated that 78% of baby boomers revealed that vision was the most important of the five senses. But while over half of them took supplements for heart, bone, and health, fewer than 20 % used supplements for their eyes.

Baby boomers or not, we all should be concerned about maintaining our eye health. With the heavy use of electronic devices with screens these days, our eyes need more protection than ever from the damage that can occur.

We too often wait until there is a problem before we concern ourselves with our sight. So why not get a head start and supplement it as we supplement other aspects of our health?

Our bodies are under perpetual attack from pollution, harmful chemicals in our food, excessive sun exposure, toxins, and even waste products from normal metabolism that can lead to a buildup of free radicals.

Free radicals are tiny dangerous particles that can damage cells and DNA. Scientists refer to this condition as oxidative stress. Regrettably, this oxidative stress from the accumulation of free radicals has been shown to increase with aging. For more detailed information on free radicals, please read the article, “What are Free Radicals and why are they Bad” on this website.

In a fierce sequence, free radicals begin and proliferate an excessive inflammatory process, which in succession creates more free radicals producing a downward health spiral.

The cause for concern is. . .compared to most other organs, the eyes are especially susceptible to oxidative damage due to their continuous contact with light and their high biochemical activity (metabolism).

To make the situation worse, this exposure to light does not merely refer to ultraviolet light, but blue light. Ultraviolet and blue light are two different sources of light.

While UV light is measured as, invisible, blue light is a wave in the visible light spectrum. These are the rays that produce the blue color in the sky. There are numerous sources of blue light; they include sunlight.

In its natural form, the body requires a minuscule amount of blue light from the sun to regulate the natural sleep and wake cycles, also known as circadian rhythms. In more modest amounts, blue light can help advance alertness and elevate feelings of well-being. For more detailed information on blue light, please see the article, “Facts about Blue Light” on this website.

So with those advantages, why be concerned about blue light exposure?

Well, too much of a good thing is a bad thing. In addition, to being at hand in sunlight, blue light is contained in many forms of the light bulbs in use including LED, fluorescent, and to a lesser extent incandescent.

The most serious source as mentioned earlier: technology. The real dilemma is the blue light attacking us from such an abundance of electronic devices like:

• Anything with LED lighting
• Computer monitors and laptops
• Smartphones
• Tablets, iPads, and e-readers
• TVs

Regrettably, research indicates that 80% of adults in the US utilize digital devices for more than two (2) hours daily. The percentage is higher for children and teens.

Blue light creates flickering and glare that can affect sharpness and clarity in vision that affects the ability to perceive differences between objects and their background. This condition has been linked to the following:

• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Eyestrain
• And other issues produced by constantly looking at a computer screen or using an electronic device.

The natural filters of the eyes do not provide an adequate defense against blue light rays from the sun, not to mention the blue light stemming from the high-tech devices.

In addition to the conditions mentioned above, there is another concern.

In the retina, there are special cells called photoreceptors. They commence the process of sight by absorbing and converting light into electrical signals. Subsequently, these signals are transmitted to other cells in the retina and finally through the optic nerve to the brain where they are managed into the images seen.

Unfortunately, the photoreceptor cells display the greatest rate of oxidation of all cells in the body. Therefore, supporting the health of these cells is crucial to supporting complete visual function.

So what is the answer?

The Answer?

The key solution to supporting optimal eye health is antioxidants. An abundant supply of antioxidants daily is so crucial because antioxidants circulate inside the body, eradicating free radicals that modify the healthy functioning of cells (including cells in the retina). Excess free radicals can lead to adverse outcomes that affect health. For more detailed information on free radicals, see the article, “What are Free Radicals and why are they bad” on this website.

The thinking is individuals can acquire all the antioxidants they require with a diet high in vegetables and fruits. However, in the case of older adults, studies show many utilize less than the government-suggested levels of fruits and vegetables. However, on the contrary, individuals over 60 consume the lowest quantity of antioxidants. This is even though older individuals require more dietary antioxidants than younger adults do.

To make matters worse, the aging process can reduce the ability to absorb certain nutrients including antioxidant nutrients from food.

The point is, individuals in an older age group, are more likely to fall victim to an antioxidant deficiency.

Additionally, not all antioxidants are the same. Specific antioxidants excel at fighting specific kinds of free radicals or perform better under specific conditions.

There are thousands of different antioxidants that include, vitamins, minerals, as well as phytochemicals (plant-derived nutrients).

The question becomes, how does an individual obtain the all-important antioxidants — specifically the ones that can help maintain healthy vision?

As it has been pointed out, it is difficult to obtain them from diet alone and many well-known vision formulas or store brands come up short. Many contain only limited amounts of ingredients.

Introducing, OPTIZO.

What is Optizo?

Optizo is an innovative dietary supplement with a potent blend of nearly all essential vitamins and nutrients that promote the most favorable eye health and assist in maintaining visual function.

It was developed by Dr. David Brownstein and Medix Select, a premium supplement company. Dr. David Brownstein, M.D., is the medical director at Michigan’s highly respected Center for Holistic Medicine. According to  Newsmax, Dr. Brownstein is one of the top ten (10) holistic professionals in America. He is also the producer of the popular newsletter Dr. Brownstein’s Natural Way to Health
and has also penned numerous books on various health-related subjects. As a board-certified family physician, he concentrates on natural as well as traditional solutions for health concerns in all age groups.

Optizo contains an exclusive combination of 25 potent vitamins, nutrients, and botanicals that offer benefits targeted to the eyes to maintain and improve eye health. Optizo’s progressive supplement formula includes Lutemax2020®, which has been proven clinically to have clear benefits that support the health and function of the eyes.

As a result, Optizo provides the following benefits:

• Helps Filter Blue Light and Reduces Oxidative Stress
• Improves Contrast Sensitivity in Retinal Health
• Increases Macular Pigment Ocular Density (MPOD)
• Reduces Digital Eye Fatigue and Eyestrain
• Support Visual Adaptation to Low Light Conditions
• Supports Eye Health and Vision
• Supports Visual Acuity and Adaptation
• Supports Visual Function
• Supports Visual Recovery After Bright Light Exposure

Optizo Ingredients

In addition to Lutemax2020, Optizo contains plant-derived nutrients called carotenoids. These carotenoids have demonstrated potent activity against free radicals in the eyes. While there is an abundance of 600 carotenoids found in nature, only three (3) carotenoids are established in excessive concentrations in the retina and its central portion, the macula — lutein, zeaxanthin, and its molecular relative meso-zeaxanthin.

Since lutein and zeaxanthin are not formed by the body, they must be acquired through diet or supplementation.

Taking a look at diet, lutein and zeaxanthin are derived in dark leafy vegetables and yellow to orange fruits and vegetables. Researchers also found meso-zeaxanthin in fish such as trout, salmon, and sardines but most evidence suggests it is primarily produced in the body.

Regrettably, the typical American consumption of these carotenoids is considerably below levels revealed by research to be favorable for eye health.  This is why Dr. Brownstein worked with the experts at Medix Select to create the antioxidant-loaded eye health and vision support recipe Optizo.

Because lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin are so important for vision support, it is understandable as to why Dr. Brownstein made them the most important ingredients in his eye-supporting Optizo formula.

But he didn’t merely desire the standard nutrients, but nutrients backed by science and provided at researched levels. That is why he chose Lutemax 2020®.

Lutemax 2020 is a naturally derived exclusive extract from the marigold plant. It supplies all three(3) macular carotenoids: lutein and superior levels mutually of zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin — at the same 5:1 ratio as found in nature to best support eye health to the maximum.

Notable scientific examination has backed the efficiency of Lutemax 2020.

My Personal Experience with Optizo

The Benefit

I have been taking Optizo for about a year and a half and the noticeable benefit for me is a noticeable increase in the clarity of my vision, especially concerning distance. It is more sharp and concise than before.

The other benefit, peace of mind. Medix Select, the company that Dr. Brownstein works with to produce Optizo is a very high-quality wellness company. I have used several of their supplements over time and they work.

Therefore, even though I spend a lot of time on my computers, I have peace of mind knowing that I am taking a quality supplement for my eyes that will help keep them healthy and functioning properly. For more information and pricing on Optizo and their other supplements, click this link.

As of this date, I have not experienced any disadvantages with using this or any product produced by Medix select.

Please feel free to leave any comment, question, or concern below.

Good Health!!

Cancer is a disease that commences when cells grow out of control and suppress normal cells. This can cause difficulty for the body to function the way it normally would. Cancer can develop anywhere in the body but for males over 65, the prostate  is a vulnerable spot. Prostate cancer is the second (2nd) leading cause of cancer deaths in the US for men behind skin cancer. Therefore, it is a good idea to know about prostate cancer: the facts.

After you have read the article, feel free to take the prostate cancer quiz at the end to test your knowledge.

What is Prostate Cancer?

The prostate is a small gland about the size of a walnut found in a man’s lower abdomen. It is positioned under the bladder and surrounds the urethra. The prostate is controlled by the hormone testosterone and formulates seminal fluid, otherwise known as semen. Semen is the matter containing sperm that departs through the urethra during ejaculation. For more information on the prostate, please read the article, All About the Prostate on this website.

When an abnormal malignant growth of cells known as a tumor forms in the prostate, it is identified as prostate cancer. This cancer can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body. In cases such as these, it is still termed prostate cancer because the cancer is made of cells from the prostate.

What is the Main Cause of Prostate Cancer?

There is no established basis for prostate cancer. As with all cancers, it could be triggered by many things, including family history or contact with certain chemicals.

Whatever the contributing factor may be, it directs to cell mutations and uncontrolled cell growth in the prostate.

Types of Prostate Cancer

Most cases of prostate cancer are a sort of cancer called adenocarcinoma. This is cancer that develops in the tissue of a gland, like the prostate gland.

Prostate cancer is additionally classified by how fast it grows. It has two types of growths: non-agressive, or slow-growing, or else aggressive, or fast-growing

With non-agressive prostate cancer, the tumor either does not grow or grows sparsely over time. With aggressive prostate cancer, the tumor grows rapidly and may travel to other areas of the body, like the bones for example.

Who is at Risk for Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer can occur in any male. However, certain factors raise the risk for the disease. These factors include:

• family history of prostate cancer
• certain ethnicities or race — for example, African American men are at a greater risk of having prostate cancer
• genetic changes
• obesity
• older age

Where an individual lives can additionally play a role in the risk for prostate cancer. For example, living in an industrial area may expose him to environmental chemicals that can cause prostate and other cancers as well.

Going back to age, it is a major risk contributor to prostate cancer. The disease takes place most often in men over the age of 65. It happens in about 1 in 14 men ranging in ages of 60 and 69.

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

Some forms of prostate cancer are non-agressive, so there may not be any symptoms. On the other hand, aggressive and advanced prostate cancer frequently causes symptoms.

If an individual has any of the signs or symptoms that follow, he should not hesitate to call his health professional. Some of the symptoms can be produced by other conditions, so an examination is needed to make sure the correct diagnosis is made and treatment can be received.

Symptoms of prostate cancer can include pain and numbness, urinary problems, and sexual problems.

Urinary problems – Urinary problems are a usual symptom since the

prostate is located beneath the bladder, and it surrounds the urethra (the tube where urine travels). Given this location, should a tumor grows on the prostate, it can press on the bladder or urethra and cause problems.

Urinary problems can include:

• a urine stream that is slower than normal
• bleeding while urinating (hematuria)
• the frequent need to urinate

Sexual problems – Erectile dysfunction can be a symptom of prostate cancer. Also known as impotence, this condition makes an individual unable to get and keep an erection. For more detailed information on erectile dysfunction, please read the article, “facts about erectile dysfunction” on this website.

Blood in the semen after ejaculation may additionally be a symptom of prostate cancer.

While any one of the above symptoms can be the first indication of having prostate cancer, urinary symptoms are more likely than the other symptoms to appear in the early stages.

It is important to keep in mind that most of these symptoms can also be a trigger for other conditions that are not cancer. These conditions consist of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis.

Therefore, while it is crucial to monitor any symptoms an individual may have, remember that there is a good chance they are not initiated by cancer.

However, it is important to note that neither of these conditions causes blood to appear in the urine. If an individual has this symptom, it is imperative for him to notify his doctor right away. While blood in the urine may be triggered by something other than cancer, it is a good idea to have it diagnosed promptly.

Frequent pain – Once prostate cancer commences spreading, it will cause pain in and around the area of the prostate gland. Men with the disease can in addition encounter pain in these other areas:

• upper thighs
• pelvis
• lower back
• hips

Pain is additionally likely to occur in multiple areas. For example, an individual might experience painful urination in combination with pelvic pain. Any continuing, or recurring, pain should be assessed by a health care professional to rule out serious health issues.

Diagnosis and Screening for Prostate Cancer

Screening for prostate cancer usually depends upon an individual’s personal preferences. The primary reason for this is the majority of prostate cancers progress slowly and do not cause any health problems, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

It is also for the reason that the results from the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, which can be part of the screening, may direct to a misdiagnosis of cancer. For these reasons, screening can cause needless worry and unnecessary treatment.

The PSA blood test checks the amount of prostate-specific antigen that is contained in the blood. If the levels are elevated, this could be an indication of prostate cancer.

However, there are numerous reasons why an individual could have an elevated amount of PSA in his blood, therefore the test results could lead to a misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.

However, the PSA test is still suitable in specific cases, for example for men at high risk of prostate cancer. In addition, if an individual already has a confirmed case of prostate cancer, this test remains approved for cancer staging or grading.

Screening recommendations

The American Cancer Society does have screening recommendations for men as they age. They recommend that during an annual exam, physicians communicate to men of specific ages concerning the pros and cons of screening for prostate cancer. These conversations are recommended for the following ages:

• Age 40: For men at very high risk, for example, those with more than one first-degree relative. Such as a father, brother, or son, who had prostate cancer at an age under 65.
• Age 45: For men at high risk, like African American men and men with a first-degree relative that was diagnosed at an age under 65.
• Age 50: For men who are at average risk of prostate cancer, are expected to live at least 10 more years.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) currently recommends that men aged 55 to 69 determine for themselves whether or not to undergo a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, after consulting with their physician.

The USPSTF concludes that the potential benefits of PSA-based screening for men aged 70 and above do not outweigh the expected harms.

Diagnostic Tools

If an individual and his physician decide that screening for prostate cancer is a wise choice, the doctor will most likely perform a physical exam and discuss his health history. They will additionally perform one or more tests, which might include:

• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test:
  This is a blood test that detects the levels of PSA, a protein formed by the prostate.
• Digital rectal exam (DRE):
  With this exam, the physician inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to inspect the prostate. They can then feel if there are any hard lumps on the prostate gland that may be tumors.
• Prostate biopsy: a physician may order a biopsy to help confirm a prostate cancer diagnosis. With a biopsy, a healthcare provider takes away a small piece of the prostate gland for examination to inspect for cancer cells.
• Other tests: the doctor may in addition do an MRI scan, CT scan, or bone scan. The physician will discuss the results of these tests with the patient and make recommendations for any next additional steps that may be needed.

• Gleason scale – If an individual has had a prostate biopsy, he will receive a Gleason score. Pathologists use this score to categorize the grade of prostate cancer cells. The grade determines how much the abnormal cells look like cancer, and how vigorous their growth seems to be.

A Gleason score lower than six means the cells do not show signs of cancer, so the risk is low. If the score is seven or more, the doctor will most likely look at the score and the PSA level to assess the cells.

For example, a Gleason score of 7, with a PSA level between 10 to 20 ng/mL, indicates that cancer cells have been recognized although the cancer is most likely non-aggressive, with slow-growing cells.

A Gleason score of 8 or more, with PSA levels higher than 20 ng/mL, points to a more advanced tumor. That means the risk of an aggressive cancer is higher. Learn additional information about how a Gleason score is calculated and what the score means.

Treatments for Prostate Cancer

An individual’s physician will cultivate a suitable treatment plan for his cancer based on the age, health status, and the stage of the cancer.

If the cancer is non-agressive, the physician may advise watchful waiting, which is also called active surveillance. This means that treatment is delayed but regular checkups with the doctor to monitor the cancer.

More aggressive kinds of cancer may be treated with different options, like:

• chemotherapy
• cryotherapy
• hormone therapy
• radiation
• stereotactic radiosurgery
• surgery

• immunotherapy

If the cancer is very forceful and has metastasized (spread), there is a good chance it has spread to the bones. For bone metastases, the above-mentioned treatments may be used, others may be used additionally. Get more information about treatments and outlook for bone metastases.

Preventing Prostate Cancer

There are sure risk factors for prostate cancer, like age, that cannot be controlled. However, there are some the can be controlled. They are basically the same for preventing disease in general.

For instance, quitting smoking can reduce the risk of prostate cancer, as studies have shown that smoking increases the risk. Diet and exercise are additional important factors that can impact the risk of prostate cancer.

Diet

A selection of foods may assist in reducing the risk of prostate cancer, including:

• cruciferous green vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, collard greens, arugula, bok choy, and kale.
• fish
• cooking oils that comprise omega-3 fatty acids, for example, olive oil
• soy
• tomatoes

The data additionally suggest that selected foods may increase the risk of prostate cancer, such as:

• milk and dairy products
• saturated fat, which is universally found in animal products
• red meat
• grilled meat

Exercise

Exercise will likely help reduce the risk of increasing to advanced prostate cancer, and of dying of prostate cancer.

Exercise can also assist in losing weight. This is crucial because research has revealed obesity to be a risk factor for prostate cancer. With the doctor’s approval, individuals should aim for 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week.

Prostate cancer is a danger for all men as they age, however, if caught and treated early, the result is generally very good. Therefore, as one gets older, it is wise to have an open conversation with their doctor about the risk.

Now that you’ve been filled in on prostate cancer, take the quiz by clicking here.

Questions, comments, and, concerns are welcomed below.

Good health!!

Anti-inflammatory drugs are the most popular drugs for treating pain. How Popular? Thirty (30) million individuals either take them daily by prescription or purchased directly over the counter. But what do we really know about these popular drugs? If we aren’t careful, they can do as much or harm as good.

What are Anti-inflammatory Drugs?

Anti-inflammatory is the component of a material or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling. Approximately half of analgesics (painkillers) are anti-inflammatory drugs, remedying pain by reducing inflammation. They work differently from opioids that affect the central nervous system by blocking pain signals to the brain.

There are two classifications of anti-inflammatory drugs: steroidal and non-steroidal (NSAID).

Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Meds

Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, known as Corticosteroids, are commonly referred to as steroids. They are a type of hormone and are usually used to manage rheumatologic (autoimmune) diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels). The more common drugs include cortisone, methylprednisolone, and prednisone.

They additionally decrease immune system activity.

Steroids are a man-made version of chemicals that are normally made naturally in the human body known as hormones. They are designed to perform the same as hormones to reduce inflammation. They are different from anabolic steroids that are used by bodybuilders and athletes.

Since these drugs alleviate itching, redness, swelling, and allergic reactions, physicians frequently prescribe them to assist in the treatment of diseases such as allergies, arthritis, asthma, and lupus.

Corticosteroids resemble cortisol, which is a natural hormone that is formed by the body’s adrenal glands. The body requires cortisol to remain healthy. Cortisol is the main participant in a wide range of functions in the body that includes stress, immune response, and metabolism.

Side effects – As with all medications, some individuals will have some. These are most likely to occur if an individual is consuming a high dosage or has been on steroids for a long period.

Some side effects of steroids are below:

Tablets, liquids, and soluble tablets

• easy bruising
• mood swings
• problems sleeping
• pains in the stomach, heartburn, or indigestion
• Stretch marks.
• thinning of the skin
• increased appetite and weight gain

Gels and creams

• changes in skin color
• increased hair growth at the application site.
• stinging or burning where the cream has been placed
• stretch marks
• reduction of the skin layer

Eye drops and ointments

• stinging or burning in the eyes after inserting the drops
• a strange taste in the mouth after placing the drops in the eyes

Treatment with steroids may cause mood changes. An individual may experience highs or extreme lows. This may be more frequent in individuals with a history of mood disorders.

Taking steroid tablets for an extended period of time can make an individual more susceptible to get infections. If one feels feverish or under the weather, or develops any new symptoms after consuming steroids, it is crucial for them to tell their physician.

Individuals that develop shingles, measles, or chickenpox, come into contact with another individual who has any of these illnesses should see a physician right away. At times, these diseases can be severe in people who are taking steroids and may need additional care.

Steroids taken over an extended period of time can additionally cause muscles to become weaker.

Generally, steroid creams and eye drops do not typically cause serious side effects, but if taken for a long time or at a high strength, the ingredients can be absorbed into the blood and increase the risk of side effects that usually occur only with steroid tablets.

Additionally, Steroids can occasionally affect high blood pressure, epilepsy or, diabetes, so it is important to have blood pressure and blood sugar levels

checked occasionally and the physician may need to change the dosage of the steroid if needed. Steroids may occasionally cause diabetes or raised blood sugar even in individuals who have not had this condition formerly.

Steroids can also affect the eyes possibly by causing glaucoma to get worse or producing cataracts. They can also cause a serious problem with the eyes, which occurs when fluid collects in a part of the eye. If any changes are noticed in eyesight, such as vision becoming blurry, a physician should know as soon as possible.

Occasionally, steroids can be the cause another condition known as Cushing’s syndrome. This is what can cause the thinning of the skin, stretch marks, and also the face to become more round. However, it usually vanishes once the steroids are stopped.

In children and teenagers, steroids can on occasion cause growth to slow down, so it is best to have their height checked regularly. If growth is slowed, they may be referred to a specialist for advice and treatment.

The good news is side effects can be managed. Because steroids can cause weight gain and or have an increased appetite, an individual needs to keep an eye on their weight while taking them. Making sensible food choices and including some physical activity in the daily routine should help avoid weight gain.

Steroids can weaken bones, and this can lead to a condition known as osteoporosis. This is a condition that makes it more likely to fracture the bones, sometimes even after very minor falls or bumps.

A doctor may advise an individual to take calcium and vitamin D supplements or drugs called bisphosphonates, included with the steroids to help avoid this condition. Regular exercise, especially ones that involve the bones carrying the weight of the body, like walking, can additionally aid in reducing the risk of contracting osteoporosis.

Individuals should additionally make certain to get enough calcium in their diet, and avoid smoking and consuming excessive alcohol.

Non-Steroidal (NSAID) Anti-inflammatory Meds

NSAIDs can be very effective. They also lower inflammation, tend to work quickly, and generally have fewer side effects than corticosteroids.

NSAIDs work by blocking prostaglandins, which are substances that sensitize nerve endings and intensify pain during inflammation. Prostaglandins additionally play a role in controlling body temperature.

By inhibiting the effects of prostaglandins, NSAIDs help relieve pain and bring down the fever. Actually, NSAIDs can be useful in reducing many types of discomfort, including:

• backache
• headache
• inflammation and stiffness triggered by arthritis
  and additional inflammatory conditions
• menstrual aches and pains
• muscle aches
• pain after a minor surgery
• sprains or other injuries

NSAIDs are particularly important for addressing the symptoms of arthritis, such as joint pain, inflammation, and stiffness. NSAIDs tend to be inexpensive and easily accessible as many are available over the counter, so they are often the first medications prescribed to individuals with arthritis.

However, the prescription drug celecoxib (Celebrex) is frequently prescribed for the long-term addressing of arthritis symptoms. This is due to it being easier on the stomach than other NSAIDs.

There are two types of NSAIDs. NSAIDs prevent the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) from producing prostaglandins. The body produces two types of COX: COX-1 and COX-2.

COX-1 protects the stomach lining, whereas COX-2 causes inflammation. Most NSAIDs are nonspecific, which means indicate that they block both COX-1 and COX-2.

Nonspecific NSAIDs that are obtainable over the counter in the US include:

• naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol)
• high-dose aspirin

Note: Low-dose aspirin is not typically categorized as an NSAID.

Nonspecific NSAIDs that are obtainable with a prescription in the US include:

• sulindac
• piroxicam (Feldene)
• oxaprozin (Daypro)
• nabumetone
• meloxicam (Vivlodex, Mobic)
• mefenamic acid (Ponstel)
• ketoprofen
• indomethacin (Tivorbex)
• flurbiprofen
• famotidine/ibuprofen (Duexis)
• etodolac
• diflunisal
• diclofenac (Zorvolex)

Selective COX-2 inhibitors are NSAIDs that obstruct more COX-2 than COX-1. Celecoxib (Celebrex) is presently the sole selective COX-2 inhibitor obtainable by prescription in the US.

Even though some NSAIDs can be purchased over the counter without a

prescription doesn’t mean they are harmless. There are potential side effects and risks, with the most common being gas, diarrhea, and upset stomach.

NSAIDs are recommended for occasional and short-term use. The risk for side effects increases the longer they are used.

It is wise to always consult with a healthcare provider before using NSAIDs, and they should not be mixed with a variety of NSAIDs at the same time.

The Stomach Issues

NSAIDs block COX-1, which aids with the protection of the stomach lining. Consequently, consuming NSAIDs can contribute to minor gastrointestinal problems, including:

• constipation
• diarrhea
• gas
• heartburn
• nausea and vomiting
• upset stomach

In more advanced cases, taking NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining enough to cause an ulcer. Occasionally, ulcers may yet advance to internal bleeding.

If an individual should experience any of the following symptoms, they stop using the NSAID immediately and call their healthcare professional:

• severe abdominal pain
• black or tarry stool
• blood in the stool

The danger of developing stomach issues is higher for individuals who:

• have a history of stomach ulcers
• take blood thinners or corticosteroids
• are over the age of 65
• take NSAIDs frequently

Individuals can decrease the likelihood of increasing stomach issues by consuming NSAIDs with food, milk, or an antacid.

If an individual develops gastrointestinal issues, their healthcare professional may encourage them to change to a selective COX-2 inhibitor such as celecoxib (Celebrex). They are least likely to trigger stomach irritation than nonspecific NSAIDs.

Questions, comments, and concerns are welcomed below

Good health!!

We have all heard about arthritis. But, do we know the facts on arthritis? This article will help you to know them.

What is Arthritis?

Arthritis (also known as joint inflammation) is inflammation in one or more joints that causes pain and stiffness. It is a condition that can worsen with age. Actually, “arthritis” the word means, “inflamed joint.”

There are different types of arthritis and each one has different causes including underlying diseases, infections, and general wear and tear. With more than 100 varieties, arthritis is far from simple.

Symptoms usually include swelling, pain, stiffness and, reduced range of motion and Flare-ups can be unpredictable.

Arthritis is the foremost cause of disability in the US. Surveys have revealed that millions of individuals are limited in their ability to climb stairs, kneel, bend, walk, or participate in regular social activities such as visiting with family and friends or shopping and running errands. For those still employed, arthritis can make daily routines more and more challenging.

Common Types of Arthritis

There are quite a few types of arthritis. The ones that develop most often are found below.

Osteoarthritis – This is the most widespread category of arthritis. The ends of the bones are covered by a slippery, cushioning material known as cartilage. Cartilage acts as a shock absorber and allows the bones to slide smoothly against each other. However, with advancing age, injuries, or infections, the cartilage may begin to deteriorate. This leaves the bones unprotected and they start to grind or scrape against each other whenever movement takes place. Small holes and fractures commence to appear on the bone surface, and bony growths—called osteophytes or bone spurs—may start to appear. Occasionally, small bone fragments or bits of cartilage breaks off and intervene with the movement of the joint, resulting in more swelling and pain.

Ultimately, the fundamental bone, ligaments, blood vessels, nerves, and muscles as well become irritated and inflamed also.

Rheumatoid Arthritis – This is the second most prevalent type of arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis affects numerous additional joints, including the hands, wrists, elbow, shoulders, and feet. In this kind of arthritis, an individual’s own immune system erroneously commences attacking the tissues in the joints—in particular, the synovium, which is a thin lining over the bones that helps keep the joints moving well. Additional body tissues may additionally be targeted, including muscles, blood vessels, heart, lungs, nerves, and skin. The majority of cases appear prior to the age of 60 but some appear after. Rheumatoid arthritis is often a life-long, progressive disease.

Gout – Gout is triggered by the build-up of uric acid crystals inside the joint where it produces severe throbbing pain, swelling, warmth, and redness.

Infectious Arthritis – This variety of arthritis comes about when an infection spreads into a joint.

Who Get Arthritis?

Roughly 50 million adults have been identified with some type of arthritis in the US, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, lupus, and gout. Moreover, about half of Americans above the age of 65 have been told that they have arthritis by their healthcare provider. However, it can commence developing at any age, especially after an injury such as to the knees and hips. Young adults with knee injuries have six (6) times the risk of experiencing osteoarthritis in that joint by age 65 years. Individuals with hip injuries are three (3) times more probable. Therefore, the significance of exercise at any age far overshadows the chance of injury.

Movement is beneficial. Continually active individuals are far better off than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. This can be difficult when an individual is in pain, but it doesn’t have to intensive. For example, water exercise, a brief bike ride, or walking daily can be sufficient.

Women are somewhat more likely to receive a diagnosis of arthritis than men are, even though gout is more usual in men. Additionally, if an individual is overweight or obese, the chance of developing arthritis increases. The excess weight puts added pressure on joints and muscles.

It is important to note that Children get arthritis, too. As a matter of fact, almost 300,000 individuals in the US under the age of 18 suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, affecting girls more than affecting boys.

Treating Arthritis

Unfortunately, there isn’t a cure for arthritis, but early diagnosis and treatment are essential. The first step in treating arthritis is managing the

pain, followed by advancing strength through physical therapy and focusing on other lifestyle issues, such as healthy body weight and smoking termination. Surgery is another alternative, which is particularly effective for patients with hip and knee concerns.

Weather can be a factor. The climate can contribute to an individual’s pain. Actually, when the atmospheric pressure changes, arthritis can flare-up. That is when it is a good time to use ibuprofen (an anti-inflammatory), apply ice, and begin stretching for relief from the cold weather.

Both hot and cold can be used for relief. For aching joints, it helps out to apply a covered ice pack to reduce the primary inflammation, and then, after 48 hours, change to heat to open up the blood vessels for added relief.

Treating Arthritis Naturally

Doctors can prescribe medication for pain relief of arthritis, but they often recommend natural methods, also.

An individual must talk to their doctor before attempting any remedy for

arthritis, whether it involves medication or not. Below are some suggestions to consider.

Manage weight – weight can have an immense impact on arthritis symptoms. Extra weight puts more pressure on the joints, especially the knees, hips, and feet.

Guiding principles from the American College of Rheumatology and Arthritis Foundation (ACR/AF) strongly recommend losing weight if an individual has OA and overweight or obese.

A physician can help an individual set a target weight and design a program to help him or her reach that target.

*Reducing the stress on the joints by losing weight can help:

• decrease pain
• improve mobility
• prevent future damage to the joints

Get exercise – If an individual has arthritis, exercise can help manage weight, keep their joints flexible, strengthen muscles around their joints, which offers more support.

Current recommendations strongly advise starting a suitable exercise program. Exercising with a trainer or another individual may be particularly beneficial, as it increases enthusiasm.

Good options include low-impact exercises, such as:

• walking
• cycling
• tai chi
• water exercises
• swimming

Hot and cold therapy – As mentioned earlier, hot and cold treatments can help alleviate arthritis pain and inflammation.

• • Heat treatments can include taking an extended, warm shower or bath in the morning to help ease stiffness and utilizing an electric blanket or moist heating pad to lessen discomfort overnight.
  • Cold treatments
    can help relieve joint pain, swelling, and inflammation. This can be achieved by wrapping a gel ice pack or a bag of frozen vegetables in a towel and applying it to painful joints for quick relief. One should never apply ice straight to the skin.
    

• Capsaicin, an active component that comes from chili peppers, is an ingredient of some topical ointments and creams that can be bought over the counter. These products provide warmth that can relieve joint pain.

A Healthy diet – This is a universal component for any condition. A diet that is plentiful in fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole foods can help boost the immune system and overall health. There is some evidence that dietary choices can affect people with both RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and OA (osteoarthritis).

A plant-based diet supplies antioxidants, which can help decrease inflammation by eliminating free radicals from the body.

Conversely, a diet plentiful in processed foods, saturated fat, red meat, added sugar and salt may worsen inflammation, which is an element of arthritis. These foods can also contribute to other health conditions, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, and other complications, so neither are they beneficial for individuals with arthritis.

The current OA course of action guidelines does not recommend taking vitamin D or fish oil supplements as a treatment, but eating foods that contain these nutrients as part of a balanced diet may play a role in overall well-being.

Turmeric – Turmeric, the yellow spice frequently found in Indian meals, contains a chemical called curcumin. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research
suggests it may help reduce arthritis pain and inflammation.

In an animal study that the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health observed, scientists gave turmeric to rats. Results showed that it lessened inflammation in their joints.

More research is required to show how turmeric works, but the future for this spice is promising.

Herbal Supplements – Many herbal supplements may reduce joint pain, although scientific research has not confirmed that any specific herb or supplement can treat arthritis.

Some of these herbs include:

• Boswellia
• bromelain
• devil’s claw
• ginkgo
• stinging nettle
• thunder god vine

Although scientific research has not confirmed that any specific herb or supplement can treat arthritis, they can be a helpful aid, even alongside other treatments.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not observe herbs and supplements for excellence, integrity, or safety, so one cannot be sure exactly what a product contains. Therefore, it is best to purchase from a reliable source. I whole heartedly trust this company.

It is always wise to talk to a physician before trying a new supplement, as some can cause side effects and dangerous drug interactions.

Preventing Arthritis

Arthritis cannot always be prevented. Some circumstances, like advancing age, family history, and gender (many varieties of arthritis are more frequent in women), is out of an individual’s control.

There are more than 100 different types of arthritis. Each type advances differently, but all are painful and can progress to loss of function and deformity.

There are some healthy habits that can be practiced to reduce the risk of developing painful joints as age advances. Many of these practices such as exercising and eating a healthy diet prevent other diseases, also.

Consume Fish – Certain fish contain a plethora of omega-3 fatty acids, which is a healthy polyunsaturated fat. Omega-3s have many health benefits, and they can decrease inflammation in the body.

A study in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that women who consume fish frequently might be at lower risk for rheumatoid arthritis. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) advocates consuming fish high in omega-3s — like salmon, trout, mackerel, and sardines — twice a week. Wild-caught fish is usually suggested over farmed fish.

Foods to Avoid – A number of foods can make arthritis more severe by adding to joint inflammation, weight gain, or both. Foods to be avoided with arthritis are:

• Alcohol
• Dairy
• Fried or grilled foods
• Oils, such as corn, sunflower, safflower, peanut, and soy oils
• Red meat
• Refined carbohydrates such as biscuits, white bread, and pasta
• Salt
• Sugars including sucrose and fructose

Avoid injury – Over time, joints can commence wearing. However, when joints are injured— such as while playing sports or due to an accident —the cartilage can be damaged and lead it to wear out more rapidly.

In order to avoid injury, it is always wise to use the proper safety equipment while performing sports and observe the correct exercise techniques.

Protect the joints – Practicing the right techniques when sitting, working, and lifting can aid in protecting joints from every day strains. Such as, lift with the knees and hips — not the back when picking up objects.

Also, carry items close to the body as to not put too much strain on the wrists. If it is necessary to sit for long periods of time at work, it is wise to make sure that the back, legs, and arms are well supported.

Questions, comments, and concerns are fully welcomed below. You will receive a response.

Good health!!

Temperature – One of the most essential measurements of our existence. But how many of us stop and think about the importance of temperature?

From measuring our air temperature outdoors to making chocolate, temperature is an important factor in our lives.

What is Temperature?

In the most straightforward terms, temperature is an indicator of how hot or cold something is—the measure of hot and cold.

More specifically, it is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object, which is a type of energy associated with motion. The more heat, the faster the particles move. However, how hot is hot and how cold is cold? This is determined by measuring temperature in degrees with an instrument known as a thermometer.

Why is Temperature Important?

Temperature is important because we rely on it for so many aspects of our lives but broadly speaking our comfort and safety. These are numerous, but a few are listed as follows.

Food

Temperature holds significant importance for food manufacturers as well as individuals who are merely looking to cook at home. Whether barbecuing, broiling, frying, or waiting for water to boil, the proper temperature is important in preparing a meal; it affects the quality, flavor, and freshness of food.

Proper temperature is crucial for both the storage and cooking of food. Temperature is a major factor that controls the formation of bacteria (microorganisms) in food.

For safety, fresh foods must be held at suitable cold temperatures to restrain bacterial growth or cooked to temperatures high enough to kill harmful microorganisms.

This applies especially to meat, poultry, and egg products. Therefore, it is essential to use a food thermometer to prevent undercooking, and as a result, prevent food borne illness. These illnesses include Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes.

For storage, use an appliance thermometer to be sure the temperature of the refrigerator is constantly 40 °F (4.4 °C) or below and the freezer temperature maintains 0 °F (-17.8 °C) or below.

For more information on cooking meat, read the article, The Healthiest way to Cook Meat on this website.

Beverage

In beer and winemaking, temperature plays a major role in the quality of the final product. Atmospheric temperature alone could have a positive or negative effect during the winemaking or brewing process, as well as the temperature at which fermentation takes place.

In milk pasteurization, the temperature is essential for ensuring the removal of the harmful pathogens listed above (i.e. Listeria, Salmonella, and Escherichia commonly known bacteria, E. coli).

Agriculture

In agricultural and greenhouse applications, the temperature can be the variation between life and death for food, plants, and other cultivated products. Should a greenhouse produce too much heat, plants can become stressed or even die

As the fall temperature gradually changes downward, it is essential to remember the important effect that temperature has not only on our health but also on the quality of foods and beverages we make and consume.

Medical-Medicine

Temperature plays a crucial role in medical care for both humans and animals. Our overall health is often reliant upon the correct temperature in many ways as well.

Maintaining proper temperature levels in medical cold storage areas is vital. Incorrect temperatures can negate the medications or vaccines kept in medical refrigerators. Excess temperatures and high humidity are the two most crucial factors in drug deficiency. When subjected to these conditions, the medications can weaken. Furthermore, medical institutions can face fines and or penalties if their medical refrigerators are not performing properly as this poses a health hazard.

The CDC (center for disease control) carried out a study that addressed the improper storage and handling of vaccines. Unfortunately, 76 percent of the chosen 45 providers in the study had some of their vaccines exposed to temperatures that were not within the required cold chain range for a period-of-time. This study prompted the CDC to make changes and illuminations in guidance and requirements for vaccine care.

Health

An important barometer for health is body temperature. What we know as body temperature is the average temperature of the human body. In humans, this average temperature is estimated at around 97 to 99F or 37°C, although this can vary depending on the time of day. This is measured with a body thermometer.

Body heat is generated by the normal metabolic processes that occur within the body. The majority of our body heat is created in organs, for example, the liver, brain, and heart. Additionally, the muscles create a lot of heat, especially when they are active. The hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system continuously adjust the complex activities in the body so the body temperature is generally near the normal range.

When the body temperature rises above the normal range, this is usually an indication of a fever caused by some kind of inflammation. This is an indication of the body’s defense system taking action.

A fever is a reaction to a specific-disease stimuli. The body regulates its temperature to support the body’s own defense mechanisms. Fever is the most widespread form of a disease-related (pathological) increase in body temperature.

When the body temperature lowers below the range (below 95F), it is indicative of a condition known as hypothermia and is a medical emergency.

Measuring body temperature is very crucial in medicine. A number of diseases are recognized by a change in body temperature. With other illnesses, the track of the disease can be monitored by measuring body temperature. This allows the physician to analyze the efficiency of treatments based on body temperatures.

Temperature is crucial, as it is something we feel. Adjustments have to be made to our housing and clothing to it if we live in different places or at different times of the year. If we get too cold or too hot, survival is impossible. However, the heat from the sun also evaporates water
from the ground and drives the water cycle. Water is a necessity.

The Environment

Temperature is among the most all-encompassing and crucial physical factors in the environment. Elements such as viscosity or fluidity, and changes in conditions from solid to liquid to gas, depend on temperature.

The temperature of the earth has an extraordinary impact on our environment. Our use of greenhouse gases has caused the earth’s temperature to rise. As the Earth warms up, heat waves are becoming more frequent in some places, including the US. Heat waves occur when a region experiences exceedingly high temperatures for a number of days and nights.

Heat waves can be hazardous, and cause such illnesses as heat cramps and heat stroke, or even death.

Warmer temperatures can additionally lead to a chain reaction of other changes around the world. This is because increasing air temperature also affects the oceans, patterns in the weather, snow, and ice, and plants animals, and humans. The warmer it becomes, the harsher the impact is on people, and the environment will be.

Below are the major effects that higher temperatures can have on people and the environment:

• Agriculture
• Energy
• Forests
• Health
• Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems
• Recreation
• Water Supplies

On the other hand, temperatures in the other direction can have a strong impact on the environment as well.

For starters, the average number of deaths ascribed to cold is considerably higher than the number ascribed to heat.

Just as it is with warmer temperatures, colder temperatures long-term can affect a host of life’s necessities.

Transportation

There is a variety of transportation effects due to prolonged cold weather. Diesel engines are stressed and, often fuel gels in extremely cold weather, which has an impact on trucking and rail traffic. Rivers and lakes can freeze, halting barge and ship traffic. Consequent ice jams stress bridges and can close major highways.

Cold temperatures take their toll on vehicle batteries. Shear cold temperatures stress metal bridge structures. Transportation losses for one extreme winter totaled $6.5 billion. That amount would be higher in today’s dollars.

Farming

Cold temperature impacts on agriculture are usually discussed in terms of frost and freeze impacts early or late in the growing seasons. Zero temperatures and duration of extreme cold can have destructive effects on trees and winter crops as well.

Prolonged cold snaps can affect livestock that is not protected from the frigid temperatures. In one winter of 1983-84, a single cold snap around Christmas damaged over $1 billion of the citrus crop in Florida. In Louisiana, 80% of its citrus crop was destroyed. Tennessee lost an estimated $15 million in agriculture losses. Texas additionally encountered hundreds of millions of dollars in crop ruin.

Energy

Energy consumption rises significantly during extremely cold weather. This includes increases in the costs of electricity, fuel oil, and coal.

Water Resources and Infrastructure

Prolonged extreme cold temperatures will cause significant ground freezing problems, especially if there is little snow cover. Buried water pipes can burst and cause massive ice problems and loss of water pressure in metropolitan areas.

This creates an assortment of public health and public safety problems. For example, one case of a broken water main in Denver, Colorado required the total evacuation in sub-zero temperatures of the medically fragile patients of the Veteran’s Hospital. Other similar cases of broken water mains have caused the shutdown of subway systems and financial centers.

Schools are generally closed during extreme cold snaps to protect the safety of children who wait for school buses affecting the education process.

As you can see, temperature has a tremendous impact on our environment and well-being and an extreme in either direction can have a divesting impact on our quality of life. Therefore, we must do all we can to avoid having an adverse effect on our climate.

All questions, comments, and concerns are welcomed below.

Good health!!

Meat is an important component of western diets. It tastes good; it is satisfying and is an excellent source of high-quality protein and other crucial nutrients. However, different methods of cooking can have an effect on the quality and healthiness of meat. So, what is the healthiest way to cook meat? The purpose of this article is to reveal an answer to that question.

Temperature and Meat

As mentioned earlier, meat is an excellent source of protein. These sources contain many nutrients and include chicken, lamb, and beef, and others. On the other hand, these meats can also comprise bacteria, including Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes, which can bring about serious foodborne illnesses. For this reason, it is important to cook meat to safe temperatures before eating it (Reference link).

Food safety experts affirm that meat is deemed safe to eat when cooked for a long enough duration and at a temperature high enough to kill harmful organisms.

So how can we know when the meat is cooked long enough to be safe? The key is not appearance, odor, or taste. The key is the internal temperature. Meat needs to reach the proper internal temperature to kill foodborne bacteria. The internal temperature of meat cannot be determined by external methods.

Studies have shown that using a food thermometer is the sole way to determine if harmful bacteria have been destroyed. However, despite that, only about 15% of people consistently use a food thermometer.

Different cooking methods and different meats require different safe internal temperatures. A reliable and accurate meat thermometer is a handy tool to know for sure if the proper temperature is attained by taking out the guesswork. It can also avoid overcooking which can rob meat of the juices and flavor often desired.

Cooking meat to the proper internal temperature is one of the healthiest ways to cook meat.

It is important to note that different meats require different safe internal temperatures. This will be covered in a subsequent article on this website.

Different Cooking Methods

How we cook our meat matters. Cooking breaks down any tough fibers and connective tissue in meat, making it easier to chew and digest. It additionally leads to better nutrient absorption.

On the other hand, cooking meat can reduce its antioxidant capacity, which depends on how it is cooked and for how long. (Reference link).

Another fact to note is nutrients can also be lost during the process of cooking meat. The extent to which this occurs is strongly influenced by the cooking method.

What’s more concerning is heating meat to high temperatures for long periods can lead to the formation of harmful compounds that may increase disease risk.

Therefore choosing cooking methods that minimize nutrient loss and produce the lowest amounts of harmful chemicals can maximize the health benefits of consuming meat.

The point to remember is that even though cooking meat makes it easier to digest and kills harmful germs, it can also reduce the nutrient content and create harmful chemicals that potentially increase disease risk.

Next, a look at how different cooking methods affect the meat we eat.

Roasting and Baking

Both roasting and baking are similar forms of healthy cooking using dry heat. Dry heat cooking differs from moist heat methods, which is where meat is cooked in water or another liquid.

The term roasting usually refers to cooking meat in a large pan known as a roasting pan. A roasting pan frequently incorporates a rack to keep the meat elevated above the juices that drip down as it cooks.

This can also be done with a device that allows meat to cook on a slow-turning spit known as an oven rotisserie. This method is usually reserved for cooking large pieces of meat or entire animals, such as chickens or turkeys.

In comparison, baking is generally used for chicken, poultry, or fish rather than red meat. The meat is cooked in a baking dish that can be enclosed or open.

Temperatures for roasting and baking range from 300–425°F (149–218°C) and cooking time may fluctuate from 30 minutes to an hour (1) or more, depending on the type and cut of meat.

In general, roasting and baking are healthy forms of cooking that result in minimal losses of vitamin C.

On the other hand, during long cooking times at high temperatures, up to 40% of B vitamins may be lost in the juices that drip from the meat.

These juices can be gathered and served with the meat, which is sometimes called au jus on menus. This can help minimize nutrient loss.

Grilling and Broiling

Grilling and broiling are especially similar dry heat, high-temperature cooking methods.

Grilling involves cooking with a heat source directly below the food, for example, an open grill or barbecue. Grilling temperatures usually range from 375–450°F (190–232°C).

With broiling, the heat source comes from above, such as the broiler in an oven. Broiling occurs at very high temperatures, typically 500–550°F (260–288°C).

Grilling is particularly popular because it imparts a delicious flavor to meat, in particular steaks and burgers.

Unfortunately, unbeknown to most, this method of cooking often leads to the production of potentially harmful chemicals.

When the meat is grilled at high temperatures, the fat melts and drips onto the grill or cooking surface. This in turn creates toxic compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aka PAHs) that can rise up and seep into the meat (Reference link).

PAHs have been linked to several types of cancer that include breast and pancreatic cancer (Reference link, Reference link, Reference link, Reference link).

However, studies have discovered that removing drippings can reduce PAH formation by up to 89% (Reference link).

Another concern with both grilling and broiling is that they promote the formation of compounds known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

AGEs have been linked to an increased risk of several diseases, including heart disease, kidney disease, and skin aging. (Reference link, Reference link).

They are produced in the body as by-products of a chemical reaction that occurs between sugars and proteins. They can additionally form in foods during the course of cooking, especially at high temperatures.

One study found that broiled beef had higher levels of AGEs than beef cooked by other methods (Reference link).

Keeping cooking times short and removing meat from high heat prior to it becoming charred can help reduce the amount of AGEs produced.

Poaching, Stewing and Simmering

Poaching, stewing, and simmering are similar moist heat methods of cooking.

Although cooking times are generally longer than for many other cooking methods, this is because temperatures are lower.

The three methods are classified by the temperature of the cooking liquid:

• Poaching: 140–180°F (60–82°C)
• Stewing: 160–180°F (71–82°C)
• Simmering: 185–200°F (85–93°C)

Prolonged cooking in liquids at temperatures above 200°F (93°C) can cause meat proteins to toughen.

Poaching entails shorter cooking times than stewing or simmering and is kept for delicate foods like duck, chicken and, fish,.

Research has shown that cooking with moist heat at low temperatures can minimize the formation of AGEs (Reference link).

On the other hand, the lengthy cooking times for stewing and simmering can lead to a loss of B vitamins, nutrients that are typically high in meat and poultry.

Up to 60% of thiamine, niacin, and other B vitamins may be lost from the meat as its juices runoff. Luckily, consuming the meat’s juices as part of a stew or soup can significantly reduce these vitamin losses. [FOR MORE INFORMATION ON B VITAMINS]

Stir-Frying and Pan-frying

Stir-Frying and Pan-frying both refer to cooking meat with fat in a skillet, wok, or pot.

Throughout stir-frying, food is continuously flipped or stirred with a spatula as it cooks, while pan-frying usually does not involve this type of constant movement.

While these methods use high heat, cooking times are very short, which helps maintain tender meat with good flavor.

These two cooking techniques also promote the retention of nutrients and are less likely than many other methods to cause cholesterol in fatty meats to oxidize. Oxidized cholesterol is considered a risk factor for heart disease (Reference link).

On the other hand, Stir-Frying and Pan-frying have some drawbacks.

Heterocyclic amines (HAs) are compounds capable of causing cancer. They are produced when the meat reaches high temperatures while cooking. Studies have established that HAs frequently transpire during the pan-frying of meat and poultry

Marinating or soaking meat in mixtures containing fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices high in antioxidants can help reduce the formation of HAs. One study found that adding herbs to a marinade decreased HAs by about 90% (Reference link, Reference link).

Also, it’s important to choose a healthy cooking oil when pan-frying or stir-frying. For more information on cooking oils, read the article, Facts about Cooking Oil on this website.

Most vegetable and seed oils are high in polyunsaturated fats that are prone to damage at high temperatures. Heating these oils also promotes the formation of oxygenated aldehydes, potentially cancer-causing chemicals found in cooking fumes (23).

Palm oil and olive oil have been shown to develop fewer aldehydes than vegetable and seed oils during stir-frying and pan-frying.

Other healthy cooking oils that are steady at elevated temperatures include coconut oil, lard, and tallow.

Deep-Frying

Deep-frying involves completely immersing food in fat or oil while cooking.

Meat and poultry are sometimes, although not always, breaded or coated in a batter before being deep-fried.

The benefits of deep-frying meat include improved flavor, crunchy texture, and excellent preservation of vitamins and minerals.

However, it is important to note that this cooking method also causes potential health risks.

Deep-frying has been shown to result in higher levels of toxic by-products like AGEs, aldehydes, and HAs than most other cooking methods.

The amount of fat absorbed by the meat during deep-frying can also be considerable, especially if it is breaded or battered.

Additionally, the unhealthy vegetable and seed oils usually used for deep-frying can do more than increase calorie intake. This method of cooking has been linked to increased cancer and heart disease risk (Reference link, Reference link).

Slow Cooking

Slow cooking involves cooking for several hours in a slow cooker, also known as a Crockpot. This is basically a large, electronically heated ceramic bowl with a glass lid.

Cooking temperature settings on a slow cooker range from 190°F (88°C) for the low setting to 250°F (121°C) for the high setting. These minimal temperatures minimize the formation of potentially harmful compounds.

The chief advantage of slow cooking is its ease and convenience. Meat can simply be seasoned and placed in the slow cooker, allowed to cook for six (6) to eight (8) hours without requiring it to be checked, then removed, and served at dinnertime.

Slow cooking is comparable to simmering and stewing meat. Unfortunately, it additionally results in the loss of B vitamins that are released in the juices as the meat cooks. There is always a catch!

Slow cooking tougher cuts of meat, such as brisket results in them becoming tender, and flavorful.

However, it may sometimes cause poultry and other delicate meats to become overly tender and soggy, particularly with longer cooking times.

Pressure Cooking

Pressure-cooking is a form of moist heat cooking that has returned to popularity in current years because it permits food to cook very rapidly and uses less energy than other methods.

A pressure cooker is a pot with a sealed lid and a safety valve that manages the pressure of steam that builds up inside.

The steam’s pressure raises the boiling point of water from 212°F (100°C) to as high as 250°F (121°C). This higher heat yields faster cooking times.

The main advantage of cooking in a pressure cooker is that it significantly decreases the time it takes to cook meat or poultry.

What’s more, pressure-cooking directs to less oxidation of cholesterol than some other cooking methods, provides flavor and tenderness to meats, and minimizes vitamin losses.

One disadvantage is that if the cooker needs to be opened to check the food for doneness, this temporarily stops the cooking process.

Also, similar to slow cooking, pressure-cooking can result in some types of meat becoming overly soft.

Sous Vide

Sous vide is a French term that when translated means “under vacuum.”

In sous vide, meat is sealed in an airtight plastic bag and cooked for one (1) to several hours in a temperature-controlled water bath.

With certain varieties of meat, such as steak, sous vide cooking is followed by quick pan searing to provide a brown crust. Some crunch is good!

Sous vide employs the lowest temperature ranges of all cooking methods: 130–140°F (55–60°C). Cooking at these temperatures can help reduce the formation of possibly harmful chemicals.

Additionally, because the cooking time and temperature can be exactly controlled, the meat is reported to be more tender and evenly cooked than meat cooked with other methods.

Also, all juices produced during cooking remain in the bag with the meat, resulting in better retention of B vitamins and other nutrients.

On the downside, cooking steak sous vide may take an hour or more, which is considerably longer than grilling. But conversely, the meat can be safely held at the desired temperature for several hours.

What’s more, according to one manufacturer, all sous vide cooking bags have been independently tested and found to contain no bisphenol A (BPA) or other potentially harmful chemicals.

What Is the Healthiest Way to Cook Meat?

Strictly from the standpoint of health, the best ways to cook meat are slow cooking, pressure-cooking, and sous vide. Then again, all methods of cooking meat have advantages as well as disadvantages.

Some of the most popular ones, which include grilling and deep-frying, are cause for concern due to the high levels of toxic by-products they create.

Poaching and other forms of moist heat cooking at lower temperatures produce fewer of these compounds but may result in the loss of vitamins.

It is best to choose healthy cooking methods, including slow cooking, pressure-cooking, and sous vide, when possible.

However, for individuals who love to grill or deep-fry their meat, they can reduce the risks by removing the drippings by placing the meat on a paper towel to drain, avoid overcooking the meat, and using fats and marinades that are healthy.

Remember, no matter what method is chosen,be certain of the proper internal temperature!

It would be great to hear from you with any questions, comments, or concerns below.

Good Health!!

Mental illnesses are states of mind that affect mood, feeling, thinking, and behavior. They may be long-lasting (chronic), occasional, or they can affect the ability to relate to others and function on a daily basis. This article is going to cover one specific mental illness, depression. Depression is a widespread mental disorder that affects more than 264 million individuals of all ages worldwide. It is the leading cause of worldwide disability and a major purveyor to the burden of disease overall. Because of the enormity of depression, it is important to know about depression: the facts.

What is Depression?

Depression is a form of mental illness that is a mood disorder. It causes a perpetual feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Additionally called a major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how one feels, thinks and, behaves, and can lead to a range of emotional and physical problems.

What Causes Depression?

Several factors can increase the chance of depression, including the following:

Substance abuse – Nearly 30% of individuals with substance abuse issues additionally have major or clinical depression. Even if drugs or alcohol temporarily makes one feel better, they will ultimately aggravate depression.

Death or a loss – Sadness or grief from the death or loss of a loved one, even if by natural means, can increase the risk of depression.

Abuse – Previous sexual, physical, or emotional abuse may increase the susceptibility to clinical depression later in life.

Certain medications – Certain drugs, for example, isotretinoin (used to treat acne), the antiviral drug interferon-alpha, and corticosteroids, can increase the risk of depression.

Conflict – Depression in an individual who has a biological susceptibility to develop depression may result from personal conflicts or disputes with friends or family members.

Genetics – A family history of depression can increase the risk. It is commonly thought that depression is a complex trait, which means that there are probably many different genes that each exerts minor effects, rather than a single gene that contributes to disease risk. The genetics of depression, as with most psychiatric disorders, are not as simple or straightforward as in solely genetic diseases such as Huntington’s chorea
or cystic fibrosis.

Key events – Even positive events such as starting a new job, graduating, or getting married may advance to depression. This can also include moving, losing a job or income, getting divorced, or retiring. Nevertheless, the syndrome of clinical depression is never just a “normal” response to stressful life events.

Serious illnesses – On occasion depression can co-exist with a major illness or may be triggered by another medical condition.

Additional personal problems – Problems such as social isolation because of other mental illnesses or being ostracized from a family or social group can contribute to the risk of developing clinical depression.

Types, Symptoms, and Treatment of Depression

Everybody feels down from time to time, but should an individual feels that way most of the time and it affects their daily life, chances are he or she may have clinical depression.

There are several different types of depression. Events in one’s life can cause some, and chemical changes in the brain can cause others. Therefore, it takes a specialist to determine which type of depression an individual may have and the best course of treatment.

Major Depression (major depressive disorder) – An individual who feels depressed most of the time for a majority, or all of the days of the week may have this type.

Some other symptoms might include:

• Being tired and without energy
• Feeling worthless or guilty
• Feeling on edge and disturbed, or else very lethargic and sluggish physically or mentally
• Lack of attention or pleasure in activities
• Thoughts of suicide
• Trouble concentrating or making decisions
• Problems going to sleep or feeling sleepy during the day
• Weight loss or gain

A physician may diagnose a patient with major depression if the individual has five (5) or more of these symptoms on most days for 2 weeks or longer. At least one among the symptoms must be a depressed mood or loss of interest in activities.

Treatment for major depression:

Meeting with a therapist can be of assistance. One can also meet with a mental health specialist who will assist in finding ways to manage the depression. Medications known as antidepressants can also be helpful.

When medication and therapy are not working, other options the physician may suggest are:

• Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
• Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)

ECT makes use of electrical pulses, TMS uses a unique type of magnet, and VNS makes use of an implanted device. All are designed to accelerate particular areas of brain activity. This assists the parts of the brain that control one’s mood to work better.

Dysthymia (mild, chronic depression) – Dysthymia is less critical and doesn’t have as many symptoms as major depression. On the other hand, the symptoms can linger for a longer period of time, often two years or longer. Individuals who suffer from dysthymia can additionally experience periods of major depression–sometimes known as double depression. In modern diagnostic classification systems, dysthymia and chronic depression are now both mentioned to as clinical depression disorder.

The symptoms of dysthymia are the same as major depression but fewer in number and not as intense. They include the following:

• Being physically restless or rundown in a way that is noticeable by others
• Exhaustion or loss of energy almost daily
• Feelings of despair or insignificance or excessive guilt almost every day
• Insomnia or excessive sleep almost every day
• Loss of enjoyment in once pleasurable things
• A major change in weight (gain or loss of more than 5% of weight within a month) or appetite
• Difficulty with attentiveness or making decisions almost daily
• Frequent thinking of death or suicide, a suicide plan, or suicide attempt
• Sadness or down mood a majority of the day or almost daily

Treatment for Dysthymia

Although dysthymia is a serious illness, it is very treatable. As with any chronic illness, early detection and medical treatment may reduce the extent and duration of symptoms and in addition reduce the likelihood of developing an episode of major depression.

To treat dysthymia, physicians may use psychotherapy (talk therapy), medications such as antidepressants, or a mixture of these therapies. Frequently, dysthymia can be taken care of by a primary care physician.

Although Dysthymia is not as disabling as major depression, it can keep an individual from feeling their best and functioning optimally. Dysthymia can begin in childhood or adulthood and seems to be more common in women. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, roughly 1.5% of adult Americans are affected by dysthymia.

Atypical Depression – Atypical depression is a subtype. It can be an “identifier” for either major depression or dysthymic disorder. Individuals with atypical depression have usually experienced depression initially at an early age, during their teenage years.

Despite its name, atypical depression is extremely widespread. It is compared with “melancholic” depression, another subtype of depression that involves symptoms of insomnia (as opposed to oversleeping), loss of appetite (as opposed to increased appetite), a comparative lack of mood reactiveness to environmental circumstances, and a strikingly diminished ability to feel pleasure.

One of the main characteristics of atypical depression that differentiates it from melancholic depression is mood reactivity. In other words, the individual with atypical depression will see their mood improve if something positive occurs. On the other hand, with melancholic depression, positive changes will seldom yield a change in mood. Additionally, diagnostic standards call for at least two of the following symptoms to accompany the mood reactivity:

• Having a feeling of being weighed down, paralyzed, or “leaden”
• Having a more intense reaction or increased sensitivity to rejection, resulting in problems with social and work relationships
• Increased appetite or weight gain
• Sleeping too much (hypersomnia)

A physician will investigate physical causes for any of these symptoms. This would include a physical exam and diagnostic tests to look for a different issue such as hypothyroidism. With that condition, having low levels of thyroid hormone can lead to indicators that include depression and weight gain.

Treatment for atypical depression

Physicians are most likely to recommend psychotherapy (talk therapy) and/or medications for atypical depression, depending on the seriousness of the symptoms. There are various types of psychotherapy and medications available for treatment. An individual may be directed to a specialist such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or other licensed mental health professional for treatment.

Postpartum Depression (PPD) – Postpartum depression (PPD) is a complicated combination of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that happen in some females after giving birth to a child. According to the DSM-5, a manual used to diagnose mental disorders, PPD is a form of major depression that commences within 4 weeks after delivery. The diagnosis of postpartum depression is established not only on the length of time between delivery and commencement but also on the seriousness of the depression.

Postpartum depression is linked to chemical, social, and psychological changes that happen when having a baby. The term describes a range of physical and emotional changes that many new mothers experience. PPD can be treated with medication and counseling.

The chemical changes involve a rapid drop in hormones after delivery. The actual link between this drop and depression is not clear. However, what is known is that the amounts of estrogen and progesterone, the female reproductive hormones, intensify ten times over during pregnancy. Then, they drop severely after delivery. By three (3) days after giving birth, the levels of these hormones drop back to what they were before pregnancy.

In addition to these chemical changes, the social and psychological changes involved with having a baby create an increased risk of depression.

Most new mothers encounter the “baby blues” after delivery. Approximately 1 out of every 10 of these women will develop a more acute and longer-lasting depression post-delivery. About 1 in 1,000 women will develop a more severe condition called postpartum psychosis.

Symptoms of postpartum depression can be hard to detect. Because Scores of women have these symptoms following childbirth:

• Appetite changes
• Decreased libido
• Difficulty sleeping
• Excessive fatigue
• Frequent mood changes

With PPD, these are also accompanied by other symptoms of major depression, which are not typical after childbirth, and may include:

• Depressed mood
• Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and helplessness
• Loss of pleasure
• Thoughts of death or suicide
• Thoughts of hurting someone else

New symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rarely occur during the postpartum period (about 1%-3% of women). When they do occur, the obsessions are generally related to concerns about the baby’s health or irrational fears of harming the baby. Panic disorder can also occur. A woman can have these conditions and depression at the same time.

Treatment for postpartum depression

Postpartum depression is treated differently depending on the type and intensity of a patient’s symptoms. Treatment options include anti-anxiety or antidepressant medications, psychotherapy, and involvement in a support group for emotional support and education. For extreme cases, intravenous infusion of a new medication called brexanolone (Zulresso) can be prescribed.

In the case of postpartum psychosis, drugs used to treat psychosis are usually added. Hospital admission is also frequently necessary.

If a woman is breastfeeding, medication can be a solution for depression, anxiety, or even psychosis. Under a doctor’s supervision, many women take medication while breastfeeding. This is a decision to be made between the patient and her doctor.

Untreated postpartum depression can be dangerous for new moms and their children. A new mom should seek professional help when:

• Feelings of extremely anxiousness, scared, and panicked most of the day
• Not able to cope with everyday situations
• Symptoms persist beyond 2 weeks
• Thoughts of harming herself or her baby
• Unable to function normally

Bipolar Disorder – Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression is a form of major affective disorder, or mood disorder, defined by manic or hypomanic episodes (changes from one’s normal mood accompanied by high-energy states).

Bipolar disorder is a grave condition. Mania often involves sleeplessness, sometimes for days, together with hallucinations, psychosis, grandiose delusions, or paranoid rage. Also, depressive periods can be more harmful and harder to treat than in individuals who never have manias or hypomanias.

The seriousness of mood incidents can range from vastly mild to extreme, and they can happen slowly or suddenly within a period of days to weeks. When discrete mood incidents happen four (4) or more times per year, the succession is called rapid cycling. Rapid cycling should not be confused with very frequent moment-to-moment changes in mood, which can occasionally happen in individuals with bipolar disorder or other conditions such as borderline personality disorder.

Along with manic or depressive episodes, individuals with bipolar disorder may have disturbances in thinking. They may additionally have distortions of perception and impairment in social functioning.

The clinical depression symptoms seen with bipolar disorder are identical to those seen in major depressive disorder and include:

• Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism
• Difficulty concentrating, remembering, and making decisions
• Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness
• Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping
• Lack of attention or enjoyment in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed, including sex
• Fatigue, decreased energy, being “slowed down”
• Lasting physical symptoms that will not respond to treatment, like headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain
• Persistently sad, anxious, or “empty” moods
• Decreased desire for food and/or weight loss, or overeating and weight gain
• Restlessness, irritability
• Thoughts of death or suicide, suicide attempts

The signs of mania in bipolar disorder include:

• A reduced desire for sleep
  due to high energy
• Disconnected and very fast (racing) thoughts
• Grandiose beliefs
• Inappropriate elation or euphoria
• Inappropriate irritability
• Inappropriate social behavior
• Increased sexual desire
• Increased talking speed or volume
• Markedly increased energy
• Poor judgment and risk taking

Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

Treatment for bipolar disorder may involve the use of mood stabilizers such as lithium. Selected anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines may additionally be used to calm mood. Occasionally antidepressants are given in combination with mood stabilizers to give a boost to the depressed mood, although antidepressants are frequently not as effective as some mood stabilizers or specific atypical antipsychotics for treating depression in bipolar disorder.

Seasonal Depression (Seasonal Affective Disorder—SAD) – Seasonal depression is a mood disorder that occurs annually at the same time. An uncommon form of seasonal depression, known as summer depression, begins in late spring or early summer and ends in fall. In general, the seasonal affective disorder commences in fall or winter and terminates in spring or early summer.

While the specific triggers of SAD are not known, some scientists believe that certain hormones produced deep in the brain trigger attitude-related changes at certain times of the year. Experts believe that SAD may be linked to these hormonal changes. One (1) of several theories is that reduced sunlight during the fall and winter seasons leads to the brain generating less serotonin, a chemical linked to the brain pathways that control mood. When nerve cell pathways in the brain that regulate mood do not perform normally, the result can be feelings of depression, along with symptoms of fatigue and weight gain.  For more information serotonin, please read the article, Serotonin: the facts on this website.

SAD usually begins in young adulthood and is more widespread in women than men. Some individuals with SAD have mild symptoms and feel out of sorts or irritable. On the other hand, others have worse symptoms that interfere with relationships and work.

Due to the fact that not enough daylight during wintertime is related to SAD, it’s less often found in countries where there’s plenty of sunshine year-round.

Individuals with SAD have many of the normal warning signs of depression that include:

Winter Symptoms

• Less energy
• Trouble concentrating
• Fatigue
• Greater appetite
• Increased desire to be alone
• Greater need for sleep
• Weight gain

Summer Symptoms

• Less appetite
• Trouble sleeping
• Weight loss

Treatment for SAD

There are diverse treatments, depending on the seriousness of symptoms. Also, if an individual has another type of depression or bipolar disorder, the treatment may be different.

Conventional antidepressants are frequently employed to treat seasonal depression. Bupropion XL is presently the only medication that is FDA-approved explicitly to prevent major depressive episodes in people with SAD.

Many physicians advise that people with SAD get outside early in the morning to get more light that is natural. If this is not possible for the reason of the dark winter months, antidepressant medications or light therapy (phototherapy) may help.

Psychotic Depression – Psychotic depression is another subtype of major depression that takes place when a severe depressive illness includes some form of psychosis (a condition that causes one to lose touch with reality).

The psychosis can be hallucinations (such as someone hearing a voice telling them that they are worthless and no good), delusions, or some other break with reality. They may also have strange and illogical ideas. Psychotic depression affects roughly one (1) out of every four (4) individuals admitted to the hospital for depression.

Usual symptoms for patients who have psychotic depression include:

• Agitation
• Anxiety
• Constipation
• Delusions or hallucinations
• Hypochondria
• Insomnia
• Intellectual impairment
• Physical immobility

Treatment for psychotic depression

Generally, treatment for psychotic depression occurs in a hospital setting. This allows the patient to have close monitoring by mental health professionals. Different meds are used to steady the person’s mood, usually including combinations of antidepressants and antipsychotic medications.

Antipsychotic drugs affect the neurotransmitters that permit communication between nerve cells in areas of the brain that control our ability to comprehend and manage information regarding the world around us. There are numerous antipsychotic, or neuroleptic, medications used regularly today. Each drug has distinctive side effects and may differ in its clinical efficiency profile. However, these drugs are better tolerated than the antipsychotics of the past.

Treatment for psychotic depression is very successful. Individuals are generally able to recover, usually within several months. However, continual medical follow-up may be needed. If the medications are unsuccessful in ending the psychosis and depression, occasionally electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used. It is crucial for the patient to work closely with the physician to find the most effectual drugs with the least amount of side effects, because psychotic depression is quite serious, and the risk of suicide is great also.

Treatment-Resistant Depression – Regrettably, depression treatments do not work always. As much as two-thirds of individuals with depression are not helped by the initial antidepressant they try. Up to a third, do not respond to many attempts at treatment.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) can leave one feeling despondent and disheartened. Months or even years can go by with no relief. In addition, after considering the effort it took to get help, it can be demoralizing with no sign of getting better.

However, there is hope. It is simply an issue of finding the right approach. This can include different drugs, therapy, and other treatments.

It is important to note that untreated clinical depression is a critical problem. Left untreated depression increases the chance of dangerous behaviors like drug or alcohol addiction. It can also ruin relationships, cause problems at one’s place of work, and make it challenging to overcome serious illnesses.

If you or someone you know is suffering from depression, you or they must get help as soon as possible.

Please feel free to leave any questions, comments, or concerns below.

Good Health!!